Izilawuli eziningi zokushisela azikwazi ukufundwa zokushisela zamanje kanye ne-force.Ngakho-ke, kuwumqondo omuhle ukuthenga i-ammeter yokushisela ephathekayo ephathekayo ne-dynamometer.
I-Resistance spot welding ibonakala ilula futhi kulula kuze kube yilapho i-weld iqhekeka, ngaleso sikhathi inqubo ithatha ngokuzumayo izinga elisha lokubaluleka.
Ngokungafani ne-arc welding, ekhiqiza iphasi okulula ukuyihlola ngokuyibheka, ama-spot welds abukeka evamile, kodwa asengahlukana ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuhlanganiswa okufanele.Nokho, akulona iphutha lenqubo.Lokhu kungase kubonise ukuthi i-spot weld yakho incane kakhulu noma isethwe ngokungalungile ohlelweni lokusebenza.
Nakuba umshini omncane, ongasindi ungase ulungele ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, kufanele wazi kahle ukuze wazi ukuthi uthola ini ngaphambi kokutshala imali.
I-Resistance spot welding ihlukile ngoba iyindlela enesivinini esikhulu yokuhlanganisa izinsimbi ngaphandle kokwengeza i-filler metal.Lapho i-resistance welder ilinganiswa ngokufanele futhi yamiswa, ukusetshenziswa kwasendaweni kokushisa okulawulwa ngokunembile okudalwa ukumelana kwensimbi namandla okushisela. kwakha ilunga eliqinile elibunjiwe - elibizwa ngokuthi i-nugget.Amandla okubamba alungile nawo angukhiye oguquguqukayo njengoba esiza ekunqumeni ukumelana.
Uma isetshenziswa kahle, ukumelana nendawo yokushisela iyindlela eshesha kakhulu, eqinile futhi eshibhe kakhulu yokuhlanganisa amashidi ensimbi.Nokho, nakuba ukushisela indawo sekusetshenziswe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100 ekukhiqizeni, akukaqondwa kahle ngaphandle kwemboni yezimoto.
Nakuba inqubo ingase ibonakale ilula, kufanele uqonde okuguquguqukayo okuningi nokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani ngayinye ukuze uzuze umphumela oyifunayo-ilunga elihlanganisiwe elinamandla kunesisekelo sensimbi.
I-Resistance spot welding ineziguquko ezintathu eziyinhloko okufanele zisethwe ngendlela efanele.Lokhu okuguquguqukayo kungachazwa ngokuthi yi-FCT:
I-Resistance spot welding ibonakala ilula futhi kulula kuze kube yilapho i-weld iqhekeka, ngaleso sikhathi inqubo ithatha ngokuzumayo izinga elisha lokubaluleka.
Ukwehluleka ukuqonda ngokugcwele ukubaluleka kwalezi ziguquko kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwazo kungaholela ekushiseleni okubuthakathaka, okungabukeki.Ngeshwa, lezi zinkinga zivame ukusolwa ngenqubo ngokwayo, okuye kwaholela ekutheni izitolo zishintshe izindlela zokuhlanganisa izinsimbi ezihamba kancane futhi ezibiza kakhulu. njengama-arc welding, riveting, riveting kanye nama-adhesives.
Ukukhetha isishiseli esilungile sokumelana nesilawuli kungase kudide abanikazi bezitolo ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo nezigaba zamanani ongakhetha kuzo.Ngaphezu kwezishiseli ezivame ukusetshenziswa ze-AC, amamodeli aphakathi nendawo e-DC kanye ne-capacitor ayatholakala manje.
Izilawuli ze-elekthronikhi ezifakwe kuma-resistance welder ngokuvamile ziyimikhiqizo ehlukene kanye nokukhetha komuntu ngamunye.Ngaphezu kokulawula isikhathi sokushisela kanye ne-amperage, amamodeli amaningi okulawula esimanje manje ahlanganisa izici ezihlelekayo ngokwedijithali ebezingakhethwa eqolo ngaphambilini, njenge-upslope kanye ne-pulsation.Abanye baze banikeze impendulo futhi ukuqapha inqubo yokushisela njengezici ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Namuhla, ama-spot welder amaningi angenisiwe ayathengiswa e-United States, kodwa ambalwa kuphela ahlangabezana ne-amperage ye-Heavy Duty Resistance Welding Manufacturing Alliance (RWMA) kanye nokucaciswa kwamandla okuphoqelela.
Eminye imishini inosayizi futhi iqhathaniswa ngokusekelwe ezilinganisweni zayo ze-kilovolt-ampere (KVA), futhi abakhiqizi bemishini yokushisela bangakwazi ukukhohlisa izilinganiso ezishisayo ukuze benze ihaba amandla emishini yabo, okungase kudideke abathengi.
Izinga lemboni ye-RWMA lidinga ukuthi abashiseli bamabala bahlonyiswe nge-transformer enesilinganiso somjikelezo womsebenzi ongu-50%. izingxenye azisebenzi ngaphezu komthamo wazo oshisayo.Nokho, ukuze kudideke abathengi, abanye abakhi bemishini balinganisela ama-transformer abo ngo-10% kuphela, okungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili isilinganiso sabo se-nameplate se-KVA.
Futhi, izilinganiso ze-KVA ngokuvamile azihlobene nekhono lokushisela langempela le-welder yendawo.Okukhiphayo okwamanje okutholakalayo kwesibili okushisela kuyehluka kakhulu ngobude bengalo (ukujula komphimbo) womshini, igebe eliqondile phakathi kwezingalo, kanye ne-voltage yesibili i-transformer.
Njengokucindezela kwamanzi, i-voltage yesibili ye-transformer kufanele ibe phezulu ngokwanele ukusunduza amandla welding yesibili aphume ku-transformer futhi ngokusebenzisa ingalo yethusi yesishicileli kanye ne-electrode yokushisela indawo (ithiphu).
Okukhiphayo kwesibili kwe-spot welding transformer kuvamise ukuba ngu-6 kuya ku-8 V kuphela, uma uhlelo lwakho lokushisela ludinga umshini womphimbo ojulile onengalo ende, ungase udinge i-transformer enesilinganiso esiphezulu se-voltage yesibili ukuze unqobe ukungeniswa kweluphu yesibili enkulu. .
Uma isishicileli sokumelana silinganiswe ngokufanelekile futhi sisethwa, ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yokushisa okulawulwa ngokunembile okudalwe ukumelana kwensimbi kumshini wokushisela kudala inhlanganisela eqinile eyakhiwe - ebizwa ngokuthi i-nugget.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma indawo yokushisela idinga ukuthi ingxenye ilayishwe ijule emphinjeni womshini.Insimbi emphinjeni iphazamisa amandla kazibuthe phakathi kwezingalo futhi igebenga umshini isikhulisi sokushisela esisebenzisekayo.
I-welding forging force ngokuvamile ikhiqizwa yisilinda.Ngokwesibonelo, emshinini wengalo yokushwibeka, amandla okushisela atholakalayo ayahlukahluka kuye ngokwesilinganiso sobude bengalo ukuya ebangeni le-cylinder noma induku yenduku yonyawo ukusuka ku-fulcrum.Ngamanye amazwi. , uma ingalo emfushane ithathelwa indawo ingalo ende, amandla okushisela atholakalayo azoncishiswa kakhulu.
Imishini esebenza ngonyawo idinga opharetha ukuthi aphushele phansi ku-pedali yonyawo oluwumshini ukuze avale ama-electrode.Ngenxa yamandla ka-opharetha alinganiselwe, le mishini ayivamisile ukukhiqiza amandla okubumba adingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezicaciso zokushisela zamabala Ekilasi A ezifanele kakhulu.
Ukushisela kwamabala Ekilasi A kunamandla aphakeme kakhulu nokubukeka okukhanga kakhulu.Le miphumela ethuthukisiwe itholwe ngokusetha umshini ukuthi ukhiqize i-amperage yesibili ephezulu, izikhathi ezimfushane zokushisela, namandla afanelekile.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amandla okushisela kufanele abe sebangeni elifanele.Ukusetha amandla okuphansi kakhulu kungaholela ekuphepheni kwensimbi kanye nama-welds ajulile, abukeka ngendlela eqinile. amandla okushisela kanye ne-ductility.Ukukhetha Amashadi Ohlelo Lokushisela Okulungile aklelisa izilungiselelo zemishini yekilasi A, B kanye no-C yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bensimbi afakiwe ezincwadini eziyizithenjwa ezifana ne-RWMA's Resistance Welding Handbook, Revised 4th Edition. Nakuba amashisela e-Class C asaqinile ngokuqhathaniswa, nawo ngokuvamile zibhekwa njengezingamukeleki ngenxa yendawo enkulu ethinteke ukushisa (HAZ) ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokushisela.Isibonelo, izingcezu ezimbili ze-18-ga ehlanzekile.insimbi ethambile inesicaciso sendawo yokushisela yebanga A lama-amp wokushisela angu-10,300, ama-lbs angu-650. Amandla okushisela kanye nemijikelezo yesikhathi sokushisela eyi-8. (Umjikelezo owodwa kuphela u-1/60 wesekhondi, ngakho imijikelezo eyisishiyagalombili ishesha kakhulu.) Ishejuli yokushisela yekilasi C inhlanganisela efanayo yensimbi ingu-6,100 amps, 205 lbs.force, kanye nemijikelezo yamanje yokushisela efinyelela ku-42. Lesi sikhathi esinwetshiwe sokushisela esingaphezu kwesigamu sesekhondi singashisa kakhulu ama-electrode, senze indawo ethinteke kakhulu ukushisa, futhi ekugcineni sishise i-welding transformer.Amandla okusheshisa okuqinile ohlobo olulodwa lokushisela indawo encishisiwe kuphela ukusuka ku-1,820 lbs uma kuqhathaniswa ne-weld yoHlobo A.kufika ku-1,600 lbs, kodwa enophawu olukhangayo, oluphansi, i-weld ye-Class A eyenziwe ngeshisela yendawo enosayizi ofanele. kubukeka kangcono kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni yomugqa wokukhiqiza, i-Class A weld nugget izohlala iqinile futhi impilo ye-electrode izoba yinde.Okwengeza empicabadala yokutshala imali ethuluzini lokusetha ukuthi izilawuli eziningi ze-weld welding azikho ukufundwa kokushisela. yamanje kanye namandla.Ngakho-ke, ukuze ulungise kahle lezi ziguquguquko ezibalulekile, kungcono ukuthenga i-ammeter yokushisela ephathekayo ephathekayo ne-dynamometer.I-Weld Control iyiNhliziyo Yohlelo Njalo lapho kwenziwa i-spot weld, ikhwalithi nokuvumelana kwayo kuncike ekumelaneni. Izindlela zokulawula i-weld.Izindlela zokulawula ezindala zingase zingakhiqizi isikhathi esifanayo kanye namanani okushisa e-weld ngayinye.Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo okulimazayo kwamandla weld ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umnyango wakho wokushisela awukhiqizi ama-weld angaphandle kwe-spec. Ukubuyekeza izilawuli zakho zokushisela kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu yokuletha ukusebenza kwakho kokushisela ezingeni elilinganayo lekhwalithi, ngokulandelana.Ngokwemisebenzi yokugcina yokushisela, cabanga ukufaka isilawuli esisha sokushisela esinamandla akhelwe ngaphakathi kanye ne-electrode ukuze qapha ukushisela ngakunye ngesikhathi sangempela.Ezinye zalezi zilawuli zize zikuvumela ukuthi usethe ishejuli yokushisela ngokuqondile kuma-amps, kuyilapho umsebenzi womoya ohlelekayo wesilawuli usetha amandla okushisela afiswayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zalezi zilawuli zesimanje zisebenza ngendlela evalekile. , ukuqinisekisa ukushisela iyunifomu ngisho nezinguquko ezibonakalayo kanye ne-voltage yesitolo.Ukubaluleka kwezingxenye zokushisela ze-Water Cooling Spot kumele zipholiswe kahle amanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi ye-weld nokuphila isikhathi eside kwe-electrode ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.Ezinye izitolo zisebenzisa ama-circulator amanzi amancane, angenasiqandisi, esitayela serediyetha ukuthi, okungcono kakhulu, hambisa amanzi eduze negumbi lokushisa.Lawa ma-recirculator angaba nomthelela ongemuhle ekukhiqizeni, njengoba amathiphu okushisela amabala angakhula ngokushesha ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu futhi adinga ukucushwa okuningi noma ukushintshwa ngokushintshana ngakunye.Njengoba izinga lokushisa elifanele lamanzi le-welder ukumelana lingu-55 kuya ku-65 degrees Fahrenheit (noma ngaphezu kwendawo yamazolo eyinhloko ukuvimbela ukufingqa), kungcono ukuxhuma umshini kumshini wokupholisa amanzi abandayo/umshini wokujikeleza. inani lezinto zokushisela phakathi kokusikwa kwama-electrode noma okushintshwayo. Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ungafinyelela ama-welds angu-8,000 ensimbi epholile noma ama-welds angu-3,000 ensimbi ethathiwe ngaphandle kokusikwa noma ukushintsha ama-electrode. Udinga ulwazi olwengeziwe? Kuyakhokha ukusebenza nomthengisi oqeqeshiwe ukuze akusize ukhethe futhi ulondoloze i-resistance yakho yokumelana.Uyafuna ukufunda okwengeziwe?I-American Welding Society (AWS) inezincwadi ezimbalwa zokushisela ezitholakalayo ukuze zithengwe.Ukwengeza, i-AWS nezinye izinhlangano zinikeza izifundo zokuqeqesha ezifundisa izisekelo zenqubo yokushisela.Ukwengeza, i-AWS inikeza isitifiketi Esiqinisekisiwe Sokumelana Nokushisela I-Technician, esinikezwa ngemva kokuphasa imibuzo eyi-100 yokuhlolwa kokukhetha okuningi olwazini lwenqubo yokushisela ukumelana.
Amashadi abonisa izilungiselelo zemishini Yekilasi A, B, kanye no-C ogqinsi oluhlukahlukene lwensimbi afakiwe ezincwadini eziyizithenjwa, njenge-RWMA's Resistance Welding Handbook, Rev. 4th Edition.
Nakuba amashisela e-Class C asenamandla uma kuqhathaniswa, ngokuvamile abhekwa njengangamukelekile ngenxa yendawo enkulu ethinteke ukushisa (HAZ) ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokushisela.
Isibonelo, izingcezu ezimbili ze-18-ga ehlanzekile.insimbi ethambile inesicaciso sendawo yokushisela yebanga A lama-amp wokushisela angu-10,300, ama-lbs angu-650. Amandla okushisela kanye nemijikelezo yesikhathi sokushisela eyi-8. (Umjikelezo owodwa kuphela u-1/60 wesekhondi, ngakho imijikelezo eyisishiyagalombili ishesha kakhulu.)
Isheduli ye-welding ye-Class C yenhlanganisela yensimbi efanayo i-6,100 amps, 205 lbs.force, kanye nemijikelezo yamanje yokushisela engu-42. Lesi sikhathi sokushisela esandisiwe esingaphezu kwesigamu sesekhondi singashisa kakhulu ama-electrode, senze indawo enkulu kakhulu ethinteke ekushiseni, futhi ekugcineni ashise i-welding transformer.
Amandla okugunda okuqinile kwendawo yokushisela indawo yohlobo C encishisiwe kuphela ukusuka ku-1,820 lbs uma kuqhathaniswa ne-weld yoHlobo A.kufika ku-1,600 lbs, kodwa enophawu olukhangayo, oluphansi, i-weld ye-Class A eyenziwe nge-spot welder enosayizi ofanele ibukeka ingcono kakhulu. .Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni yomugqa wokukhiqiza, i-Class A weld nugget izohlala iqinile futhi impilo ye-electrode izoba yinde.
Ukwengeza emfihlakalweni, izilawuli eziningi ze-welding zokumelana azikho ukufundwa kwe-welding yamanje kanye namandla.Ngakho-ke, ukulungisa kahle lezi zinguquko ezibalulekile, kungcono ukuthenga i-ammeter ye-welding ephathekayo ephathekayo ne-dynamometer.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho kwenziwa i-spot weld, ikhwalithi yayo kanye nokungaguquguquki kuncike ekulawuleni ukushisela. Izindlela zokulawula ezindala zingase zingakhiqizi isikhathi esifanayo kanye namanani okushisa e-weld ngayinye. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukwenza ukuhlola okuqhubekayo okulimazayo kwamandla weld qinisekisa ukuthi umnyango wakho wokushisela awukhiqizi ama-welds angaphandle kwe-spec.
Ukubuyekeza izilawuli zakho zokushisela kuyindlela engabizi kakhulu yokuletha ukusebenza kwakho kwe-resistance welding ezingeni elingaguquki lekhwalithi, ngokulandelana.
Ukuze uthole imisebenzi yokugcina yokushisela, cabanga ukufaka isilawuli esisha sokushisela esinamandla akhelwe ngaphakathi kanye ne-electrode ukuze ugade ukushisela ngakunye ngesikhathi sangempela.Ezinye zalezi zilawuli zize zikuvumela ukuthi usethe ishejuli yokushisela ngokuqondile kuma-amps, kuyilapho isilawuli sisebenza ngokuhleleka komoya. usetha amandla okushisela afiselekayo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zalezi zilawuli zesimanje zisebenza ngendlela evalekile, ziqinisekisa ukushisela okufaniswayo ngisho nokushintsha kwezinto kanye nogesi wezitolo.
Izingxenye ze-spot welder kufanele zipholile kahle amanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushiswa kwekhwalithi nokuphila isikhathi eside kwama-electrode ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.Ezinye izitolo zisebenzisa ama-circulator amanzi amancane, angenasiqandisi, esitayela serediyetha okuthi, okungcono kakhulu, alethe amanzi eduze negumbi lokushisa.Lawa ma-recirculator angaba nomthelela omubi ukukhiqiza, njengoba amathiphu okushisela amabala angakhula ngokushesha ngenxa yamazinga okushisa aphezulu futhi adinga ukusikwa okuningi noma ukushintshwa ngokushintshana ngakunye.
Njengoba izinga lokushisa lamanzi elifanele le-welder eliqinile lingama-degrees Fahrenheit angu-55 kuya ku-65 (noma ngaphezu kwendawo yamazolo eyinhloko ukuze kuvinjwe ukufingqa), kungcono ukuxhuma umshini kumshini wokushisela amanzi abandayo/okuyi-recirculator ehlukile. ama-electrode nezinye izakhi zokushisela zipholile, okuzokwandisa kakhulu inani lokushisela phakathi kwama-electrode trims noma ukushintshwa.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ungafinyelela ama-welds angu-8,000 kunsimbi epholile noma ama-welds angu-3,000 kunsimbi ethathiwe ngaphandle kokusikwa noma ukushintsha ama-electrodes.
Kuyakhokha ukusebenza nomthengisi oqeqeshiwe ukuze akusize ukhethe futhi ulondoloze i-resistance yakho yokumelana.
Ufuna ukufunda okwengeziwe?I-American Welding Society (AWS) inezincwadi ezimbalwa ezimayelana nokushisela ezitholakalayo ukuze zithengwe.Ukwengeza, i-AWS nezinye izinhlangano zinikeza izifundo zokuqeqesha ezifundisa izisekelo zenqubo yokushisela.
Ukwengeza, i-AWS ihlinzeka ngesitifiketi Sochwepheshe Sokumelana Nokushisela Okuqinisekisiwe, esinikezwa ngemva kokuphasa imibuzo eyi-100 yokukhetha imibuzo eminingi ngolwazi lwenqubo yokushisela ukumelana.
I-WELDER, eyayaziwa ngokuthi i-Practical Welding Today, ibonisa abantu bangempela abenza imikhiqizo esiyisebenzisayo nesisebenza ngayo nsuku zonke.Lo magazini ususebenzele umphakathi wokushisela eNyakatho Melika iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-FABRICATOR, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Uhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Tube & Pipe Journal manje selufinyeleleka ngokugcwele, lunikeza ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zemboni.
Jabulela ukufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-STAMPING Journal, oluhlinzeka ngentuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe, imikhuba emihle kanye nezindaba zemboni zemakethe yokugxiviza izitembu zensimbi.
Manje ngokufinyelela okugcwele kuhlelo lwedijithali lwe-The Fabricator en Español, ukufinyelela okulula kuzinsiza ezibalulekile zomkhakha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-05-2022