Amanani entengo yezinto eziyigugu ezingavamile zomhlaba (ama-REE) kanye nesidingo sabavukuzi abanamakhono ayakhula njengoba izingxabano zezombangazwe nezempi phakathi kwe-United States neChina zishubile, kubika i-Nikkei Asia.
I-China iphethe imboni yomhlaba eyivelakancane futhi iwukuphela kwezwe elinochungechunge oluphelele lokuhlinzeka kusukela ezimayini, ukucwengwa, ukucubungula ukuya emhlabeni ongavamile.
Kusukela ngonyaka odlule, ibilawula amaphesenti angama-55 omthamo womhlaba kanye namaphesenti angama-85 okucwengisiswa komhlaba okuyivelakancane, ngokusho komcwaningi wezimpahla uRoskill.
Lokho kubusa kungase kukhule ngempela, njengoba iBeijing isimemezele ukuthi izimisele "ukubambisana ngobungane" nombuso omusha wase-Afghanistan weTaliban, ohlezi ku- $ 1 trillion yezimbiwa ezingasetshenzisiwe, ngokusho kochwepheshe bomhlaba abayivelakancane.
Noma nini lapho i-China isongela ukumisa noma ukunciphisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, ukwethuka komhlaba kuthumela izintengo zensimbi yomhlaba ezingavamile zikhuphuka.
Izakhi zomhlaba eziyivelakancane zibalulekile kubuchwepheshe besimanje—yonke into kusukela emicibisholo ecitshwayo, izilwi zezindiza ezifana ne-F-35, kuya ezinjinini zomoya, okokusebenza kwezokwelapha, amathuluzi kagesi, omakhalekhukhwini, nezinjini zezimoto ezixubile nezikagesi.
Umbiko weCongressional Research Service uthe i-F-35 ngayinye idinga amakhilogremu angama-417 wezinto zomhlaba ezingavamile ukwenza izingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana nezinhlelo zamandla nozibuthe.
NgokukaNikkei Asia, uMax Hsiao, umphathi omkhulu enkampanini ekhiqiza izingxenye ezilalelwayo e-Dongguan, eChina, ukholelwa ukuthi i-extrusion ivela kumagnetic alloy ebizwa ngokuthi i-neodymium praseodymium.
Inani lentengo yensimbi ye-Hsiao esetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa izipikha ze-Amazon kanye nomenzi welaptop i-Lenovo seliphindeke kabili kusukela ngoJuni wonyaka odlule laya cishe kuma-yuan angu-760,000 ($117,300) ngethani ngo-Agasti.
"Izindleko ezikhuphukayo zalokhu okubalulekile kazibuthe kwehlise umkhawulo wethu okungenani ngamaphesenti angama-20 ... lokho kube umthelela omkhulu ngempela," u-Xiao etshela u-Nikkei Asia.
Abalulekile ohlotsheni lwamagiya obuchwepheshe - yonke into kusukela kuzipikha nezinjini zezimoto zikagesi kuya kumishini yezokwelapha kanye nezinhlamvu ezinembayo.
Umhlaba ongavamile njenge-neodymium oxide, okokufaka okubalulekile kumamotho kagesi nezinjini zomoya, nawo ukhuphuke ngo-21.1% kusukela ekuqaleni konyaka, kuyilapho i-holmium, esetshenziswa kozibuthe nama-magnetostrictive alloys ezinzwa nama-actuator, ikhuphuke cishe ngo-50%. .
Njengoba kuza ukushoda kwezinsiza, ochwepheshe bathi ukunyuka kwezintengo zomhlaba ezingavamile kungagcina kukhuphule izindleko zama-elekthronikhi abathengi kuwo wonke amazwe.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhlaba, indawo ewugwadule ephakeme yaseNevada isiqala ukuzwa ukwanda kwesidingo sezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile.
E-Nevada, cishe abantu abangu-15,000 baqashwe embonini yezimayini yombuso.
Njengoba i-US ibheka ukuvikela amaketanga okuhlinzekwa kwasekhaya kwezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye namanye amaminerali abalulekile njenge-lithium, isidingo sabavukuzi abaningi sizokhula kuphela, ngokusho kombiko we-Northern Nevada Business Week.
Amabhethri e-lithium ahlongozwa okokuqala ngeminyaka yawo-1970s futhi adayiswa ngabakwaSony ngo-1991, futhi manje asesetshenziswa komakhalekhukhwini, izindiza, nezimoto.
Futhi banezinga eliphansi lokukhishwa kunamanye amabhethri, alahlekelwa cishe ngu-5% ngenyanga uma kuqhathaniswa no-20% wamabhethri e-NiCd.
“Kuzodingeka ukuthi kuqashwe imisebenzi esinayo njengamanje, futhi kuzoba nesidingo sokuvala imisebenzi ezovuleka ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo embonini yezimayini,” kusho uGrey.
Ukufeza lokho, uGrey wakhomba iphrojekthi ye-lithium ehlongozwayo eThacker Pass eHumboldt County, eduze kwase-Orowda.
"Bazodinga abasebenzi bokwakha ukuze bathuthukise izimayini zabo, kodwa bazodinga abasebenzi abaqashwe ngokugcwele abangaba ngu-400 ukuze baqhube izimayini," uGrey etshela iNNBW.
Izinkinga zabasebenzi aziyona i-Nevada kuphela.Ngokwe-Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) yase-US, ukuqashwa kwezobunjiniyela bezimayini kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule ngo-4% kuphela kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2029.
Njengoba isidingo sezimbiwa ezibalulekile siqhubeka nokwenyuka, bambalwa abasebenzi abanamakhono abavala izikhala zemisebenzi.
Omele iNevada Gold Mines uthe: “Sinenhlanhla yokuthola ukukhula okungakaze kubonwe ebhizinisini lethu.Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwengeza futhi ezinseleleni ngokombono wabasebenzi.
“Sikholelwa ukuthi isizathu esisheshayo salokhu ubhubhane kanye nomphumela woshintsho lwamasiko e-United States.
"Ngemuva kokuthi ubhubhane seludale umonakalo kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwabantu, njengazo zonke ezinye izinkampani zaseMelika, sibona abanye babasebenzi bethu behlola kabusha izinqumo zabo zokuphila."
E-Nevada, iholo elimaphakathi lonyaka labasebenzi basezimayini ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nabasebenzi basezimayini yi-$52,400;ngokwe-BLS, amaholo onjiniyela bezimayini nabama-geological aphindwe kabili noma ngaphezulu ($93,800 kuya ku-$156,000).
Ngaphandle kwezinselelo zokuheha ithalente elisha embonini, izimayini zaseNevada zitholakala ezindaweni ezikude zesifunda - hhayi inkomishi yetiye yawo wonke umuntu.
Abanye abantu bacabanga ngabavukuzi abambozwe udaka nensile abasebenza ngaphansi kwezimo eziyingozi, bekhafula intuthu emnyama emishinini yakudala.Isithombe sikaDickens esiqinile.
“Ngeshwa, izikhathi eziningi abantu basabona imboni njengemboni ngeminyaka yawo-1860, noma imboni yama-1960s,” kusho uGrey etshela iNNBW.
“Lapho sihamba phambili ngempela ekuthuthukeni kwezobuchwepheshe.Sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu nobutholakalayo ukuze simbe izinto ngendlela ephephe kakhulu.”
Ngasikhathi sinye, i-US isebenzela ukunciphisa ukuthembela kwayo eChina ngokumelene nesizinda sokuwohloka kobudlelwano be-US-China kanye nempi yobuchwepheshe obusafufusa:
UJeff Green, umongameli wenkampani elwela amalungelo abantu i-JA Green & Co, uthe: “Uhulumeni utshala imali yakhe ekwakheni amakhono amasha, uzama ukwakha zonke izici ze-supply chain.Umbuzo uthi singakwenza yini lokho ngokwezomnotho.”
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-US inemithetho eqinile mayelana nempilo yabantu kanye nemvelo, evame ukwenza ukukhiqiza kubize kakhulu.
Okuxakayo ukuthi isidingo saseChina sezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba siphezulu kakhulu kangangokuthi sesidlule ukunikezwa kwasekhaya kule minyaka emihlanu edlule, okubangele ukwanda kokuthengwa kwemikhiqizo yaseChina.
"Ukuphepha komhlaba okuyivelakancane kweChina akuqinisekisiwe," kusho uDavid Zhang, umhlaziyi wenkampani yezokwazisa nge-Sublime China Information.
"Kungahamba lapho ubudlelwano be-US-China buwohloka noma lapho ujenene waseMyanmar enquma ukuvala umngcele."
Imithombo: Nikkei Asia, CNBC, Northern Nevada Business Week, Power Technology, BigThink.com, Nevada Mining Association, Marketplace.org, Financial Times
Le sayithi, njengamanye amasayithi amaningi, isebenzisa amafayela amancane abizwa ngokuthi amakhukhi ukusisiza sithuthukise nokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo ukuzizwisa kwakho.Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela esisebenzisa ngayo amakhukhi kunqubomgomo yethu yamakhukhi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-03-2022