Kungani idivayisi yokulinganisa ingcindezi ephansi enomsebenzi odidiyelwe wokukhipha umoya inweba izinzuzo zama-elastomers e-PU anezinga eliphansi
I-workpiece eyenziwe nge-conductive material isikwa ngokusebenzisa ijethi ye-plasma eshisayo esheshayo.Iyindlela ephumelelayo yokusika amapuleti ensimbi aminyene.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udala umsebenzi wobuciko noma ukhiqiza imikhiqizo eqediwe, ukusika i-plasma kunikeza amathuba angenamkhawulo okusika i-aluminium nensimbi engagqwali.Kodwa yini ebangela lobu buchwepheshe obusha? imishini yokusika nokusika i-plasma.
Ukusika i-Plasma kuyinqubo yokusika izinto ezisebenzayo ezinamajethi asheshayo e-plasma eshisayo.Izinto ezijwayelekile ezingasikwa ngethoshi le-plasma yinsimbi, insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, ithusi, ithusi, nezinye izinsimbi ezisebenzayo.Ukusika kwe-Plasma kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni , ukugcinwa nokulungiswa kwezimoto, ukwakhiwa kwezimboni, ukuhlenga kanye nokukhuhla.Ngenxa yesivinini esikhulu sokusika, ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi, ukusika kwe-plasma kusetshenziswa kabanzi, kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-CNC yezimboni ezinkulu kuya ezinkampanini ezincane ze-ateur, futhi izinto ezisetshenziswayo kamuva zisetshenziselwa ukushisela. .I-Plasma cutting-Conductive gas enezinga lokushisa elifinyelela ku-30,000°C yenza ukusika kwe-plasma kukhetheke kakhulu.
Inqubo eyisisekelo yokusika i-plasma nokushisela iwukwenza umzila kagesi wegesi ye-ionized eshisiwe (okungukuthi i-plasma), kusukela emshinini wokusika we-plasma ngokwawo ngokusebenzisa ucezu lomsebenzi ozosikwa, ngaleyo ndlela kwakhiwe isifunda esiphelele esibuyela emshinini wokusika we-plasma ngokusebenzisa itheminali yaphansi.Lokhu kufezwa ngokufutha igesi ecindezelwe (i-oksijeni, umoya, igesi engasebenzi kanye namanye amagesi, kuye ngezinto okufanele zisikwe) ngokusebenzisa umlomo wombhobho ogxilile ngesivinini esikhulu ukuya endaweni yokusebenza. i-gas nozzle kanye ne-workpiece ngokwayo.Le arc i-ionize ingxenye yegesi futhi idale i-conductive plasma channel.Lapho i-current esuka kuthoshi yokusika i-plasma igeleza ku-plasma, izokhulula ukushisa okwanele ukuncibilikisa umsebenzi.Ngasikhathi sinye, iningi ye-plasma enesivinini esikhulu kanye negesi ecindezelwe iphephetha insimbi encibilikisiwe eshisayo, ihlukanise ucezu lokusebenza.
Ukusika i-Plasma kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokusika izinto ezincane neziwugqinsi. Amathoshi aphethwe ngesandla ngokuvamile angasika amapuleti ensimbi awugqinsi angu-38 mm, futhi amathoshi anamandla alawulwa ngekhompyutha angasika amapuleti ensimbi awugqinsi angu-150 mm. Njengoba imishini yokusika i-plasma ikhiqiza ukushisa kakhulu futhi kakhulu. "ama-cones" asendaweni okusika, awusizo kakhulu ekusikeni nasekushiseleni amashidi agobile noma ama-angled.
Imishini yokusika i-plasma eyenziwa ngesandla ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukucubungula insimbi encane, ukugcinwa kwefekthri, ukunakekelwa kwezolimo, izikhungo zokulungisa i-welding, izikhungo zensimbi (izicucu, ukushisela nokudiliza), amaphrojekthi wokwakha (njengezakhiwo namabhuloho), ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi yezentengiselwano, ukukhiqizwa kwama-trailer, imoto. ukulungisa Kanye nomsebenzi wobuciko (ukukhiqiza nokushisela).
Imishini yokusika i-plasma eyenziwe ngomshini ngokuvamile inkulu kakhulu kunemishini yokusika i-plasma manual futhi isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana namatafula okusika.Umshini wokusika i-plasma owenziwe ngomshini ungahlanganiswa nezinhlelo zokusika izitembu, i-laser noma i-robotic.Ubukhulu bomshini wokusika we-plasma owenziwe ngomshini buncike ithebula nephothali esetshenzisiwe.Lezi zinhlelo akulula ukusebenza, ngakho zonke izingxenye zazo kanye nokuhlelwa kwesistimu kufanele kucatshangelwe ngaphambi kokufakwa.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umenzi uphinde anikeze iyunithi ehlanganisiwe efanelekile ukusika i-plasma nokushisela.Ensimini yezimboni, umthetho wesithupha uwukuthi: izidingo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusika i-plasma, izindleko eziphezulu.
Ukusika kwe-plasma kwavela ekushiseni kwe-plasma ngawo-1960 futhi kwathuthukiswa kwaba inqubo ephumelelayo kakhulu yokusika insimbi yensimbi namapuleti ngawo-1980. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusika kwendabuko "yensimbi-yensimbi", ukusika kwe-plasma akukhiqizi i-shavings yensimbi futhi inikeza ukusika okunembile. Imishini yokuqala yokusika i-plasma yayimikhulu, ihamba kancane futhi ibiza.Ngakho-ke, isetshenziselwa ukuphindaphinda amaphethini wokusika kwimodi yokukhiqiza ngobuningi.Njengamanye amathuluzi omshini, ubuchwepheshe be-CNC (ukulawula izinombolo zekhompyutha) busetshenziswe emishinini yokusika i-plasma kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980. kuya ku-1990. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe be-CNC, umshini wokusika i-plasma uye wazuza ukuguquguquka okukhulu ekunqumeni ubujamo obuhlukene ngokusho kochungechunge lwemiyalo ehlukahlukene ehlelwe ohlelweni lwe-CNC lomshini.Nokho, imishini yokusika i-CNC plasma ngokuvamile inqunyelwe ukusika amaphethini kanye nezingxenye ezivela amapuleti ensimbi ayisicaba anezimbazo ezimbili kuphela ezinyakazayo.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, abakhiqizi bemishini yokusika i-plasma ehlukahlukene baye bahlakulela amamodeli amasha anama-nozzles amancane kanye nama-arcs e-plasma amancane.Lokhu kuvumela umkhawulo wokusika we-plasma ukuba ube nokunemba okufana ne-laser.Abakhiqizi abaningana baye bahlanganisa ukulawula ukunemba kwe-CNC nalezi zibhamu zokushisela ukuze zikhiqize. izingxenye ezidinga ukusetshenzwa kabusha okuncane noma ezingasasebenzi nhlobo, okwenza ezinye izinqubo zibe lula njengokushisela.
Igama elithi "ukuhlukaniswa okushisayo" lisetshenziswa njengegama elijwayelekile lenqubo yokusika noma ukwakha izinto ngesenzo sokushisa.Endabeni yokusika noma ukunganqamuli ukugeleza komoya-mpilo, asikho isidingo sokuqhubeka nokucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo.Izinqubo ezintathu eziyinhloko ziyi-oxy-fuel, i-plasma ne-laser cutting.
Uma ama-hydrocarbon enziwe i-oxidized, akhiqiza ukushisa.Njengezinye izinqubo zokuvutha, ukusika i-oxy-fuel akudingi imishini ebizayo, amandla kulula ukuthutha, futhi izinqubo eziningi azidingi ugesi noma amanzi okupholisa.I-burner eyodwa nesilinda esisodwa segesi ngokuvamile zanele. Ukusika uphethiloli we-oxygen kuyinqubo eyinhloko yokusika insimbi esindayo, insimbi engeyona i-alloy kanye nensimbi ye-alloy ephansi, futhi isetshenziselwa ukulungisa izinto zokushisela okulandelayo.Ngemva kokuba ilangabi elizenzakalelayo liletha izinto ekushiseni kokushisa, i-oxygen jet iyaphendulwa. Ijubane lokuthungela okufinyelelwa ngalo lincike kugesi.Ijubane lokusika ngendlela efanele lincike ekuhlanzekeni komoyampilo kanye nesivinini somjovo we-oxygen.I-oksijini ehlanzekile, idizayini ye-nozzle eyenziwe kahle kanye negesi yamafutha elungile iyaqinisekisa. ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zenqubo iyonke.
Ukusika i-Plasma kwathuthukiswa ngeminyaka yawo-1950s ukusika izinsimbi ezingakwazi ukucishwa (njengensimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, nethusi).Ekusikeni kwe-plasma, igesi esembhobhweni i-ionized futhi igxiliswe umklamo okhethekile we-nozzle.Ngalokhu kuphela umfudlana we-plasma oshisayo ungasikwa izinto ezifana namapulasitiki (ayikho i-arc yokudlulisa).Ezintweni zensimbi, ukusika kwe-plasma kuphinde kuthungele i-arc phakathi kwe-electrode kanye ne-workpiece ukuze kwandiswe ukudluliswa kwamandla.Ukuvulwa kombhobho omncane kakhulu kugxile ku-arc kanye ne-plasma current.An ukuxhumeka okwengeziwe kwendlela yokukhipha kungafinyelelwa ngegesi elisizayo (igesi yokuvikela) .Ukukhetha inhlanganisela yegesi ye-plasma / yokuvikela efanele kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zenqubo yonke.
Uhlelo lwe-ESAB lwe-Autorex luyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuzenzakalela ukusika kwe-plasma.Ingahlanganiswa kalula nemigqa yokukhiqiza ekhona.(Umthombo: Uhlelo Lokusika lwe-ESAB)
Ukusika i-laser ubuchwepheshe bamuva bokusika okushisayo, okwakhiwa ngemva kokusika kwe-plasma.I-laser beam ikhiqizwa emgodini we-resonant we-laser cutting system.Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwegesi ye-resonator kuphansi kakhulu, ukuhlanzeka kwayo nokubunjwa okulungile kuyisinqumo.I-resonator ekhethekile idivayisi yokuvikela igesi ingena emgodini we-resonant kusukela kusilinda futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kokusika.Ngokusika nokushisela, i-laser beam iqondiswa kusukela ku-resonator kuya ekhanda lokusika ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwendlela ye-boam.Kumelwe kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhlelo alunawo ama-solvents. , izinhlayiya nezihwamuko.Ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni zokusebenza okuphezulu (> 4kW), kunconywa i-nitrogen eyi-liquid.Ekusikeni kwe-laser, i-oxygen noma i-nitrogen ingasetshenziswa njengegesi yokusika.I-oxygen isetshenziselwa insimbi engaxutshiwe nensimbi ye-alloy ephansi, nakuba inqubo kufana nokusika i-oxy-fuel.Lapha, ukuhlanzeka kwe-oksijeni nakho kunendima ebalulekile.I-Nitrogen isetshenziswa ensimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium, ne-nickel alloys ukuze kuzuzwe imiphetho ehlanzekile futhi kugcinwe izakhiwo ezibalulekile ze-substrate.
Amanzi asetshenziswa njengento epholisayo ezinqubweni eziningi zezimboni eziletha amazinga okushisa aphezulu kule nqubo.Okufanayo kusebenza kumjovo wamanzi ekusikeni kwe-plasma.Amanzi ajojowe ku-arc ye-plasma yomshini wokusika i-plasma ngokusebenzisa i-jet.Lapho usebenzisa i-nitrogen njenge-plasma igesi, i-arc ye-plasma ivame ukukhiqizwa, okuyisimo semishini eminingi yokusika i-plasma.Uma amanzi ejojowe ku-arc ye-plasma, kuzobangela ukuncipha kokuphakama.Kule nqubo ethile, izinga lokushisa likhuphuke kakhulu ku-30,000 ° C nangaphezulu. Uma izinzuzo zenqubo engenhla ziqhathaniswa ne-plasma yendabuko, kungabonakala ukuthi ikhwalithi yokusika kanye nonxande wokusika kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu, futhi izinto zokushisela zilungiselelwe kahle.Ngaphezu kokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yokusika ngesikhathi se-plasma. ukusika, ukwanda kwejubane lokusika, ukwehla kokugoba okuphindwe kabili, nokuncipha kokuguguleka kwe-nozzle nakho kungabonwa.
Igesi le-Vortex livame ukusetshenziswa embonini yokusika i-plasma ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqukatha okungcono kwekholomu ye-plasma kanye ne-arc enentamo ezinzile. Njengoba inani le-vortices yegesi elingenayo likhuphuka, amandla e-centrifugal ahambisa iphuzu eliphezulu lokucindezela emaphethelweni ekamelo elicindezelayo futhi lihamba. iphuzu elincane lokucindezela eliseduze ne-shaft.Umehluko phakathi kokucindezela okukhulu nokuncane kuyanda ngenani lama-vortices.Umehluko omkhulu wengcindezi endaweni ye-radial unciphisa i-arc futhi ubangele ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamanje kanye nokushisa kwe-ohmic eduze kwe-shaft.
Lokhu kuholela ekushiseni okuphezulu kakhulu eduze kwe-cathode.Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezizathu ezimbili zokuthi kungani igesi ephikisayo isheshisa ukugqwala kwe-cathode: ukwandisa ukucindezela ekamelweni elicindezelwe futhi uguqule iphethini yokugeleza eduze kwe-cathode.Kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuthi, ngokusho kokugcinwa komfutho we-angular, igesi enenombolo ephezulu ye-vortex izokwandisa ingxenye ye-vortex velocity endaweni yokusika.Kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi i-angle ye-angle kwesokunxele nesokudla imiphetho yokusika ibe ezahlukene.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-05-2022